"We're an all-queer shop that has some pretty strong community roots, so usually we have a very warm, communal feeling in the shop," Osajima said. But for a shop like Lilith, which prioritizes community and connection, the experience will change. When it comes to cleanliness, safety, and leaving with a finished tattoo, things may not feel that different after you walk out the door. The two artists working will be stationed as far away from each other as possible, too. Lilith Tattoo stoped displaying portfolios and flash books for the foreseeable future clients will be required to read and sign a COVID-19 protocol form. While you might normally sit in a waiting area, browse portfolios, sign routine consent forms, and perhaps socialize with artists and guests, that will no longer be the case. So, what will tattoo appointments really look like moving forward? "Pretty different," according to Osajima. "The scope and frequency of our disinfecting process has more than doubled, we're having to spend much more time doing administrative work with all the rescheduling, we're implementing completely new processes, and we're having to limit some of the human parts of the experience that may feel as small as being able to offer someone tea but I think altogether compound into something that represents a significant shift that will persist for some time." "I think in general, a lot more of our time and brain space is going to have to be dedicated to things other than the things I really do this work for - the art and the human connection," she said. The structure of her job will change, too. "Usually I'm in the studio four days a week, but now since we're limiting the number of artists that can be in at any given time, we'll only be able to work two days each," Osajima said. For the time being, Lilith Tattoo is limiting the body parts they will tattoo - no torsos, faces, or necks - and keeping their capacity significantly reduced. Unfortunately, unless they work in a private space or a shop with few artists, appointments may become even more scarce. Securing a tattoo appointment with your favorite artist could already prove difficult precoronavirus. All clients who have entered the studio after the infected client and before the deep clean will be notified. "Clients are required to notify us if they test positive for COVID-19 within two weeks of their appointment, so we can implement a postexposure plan in which the studio will be closed for 72 hours for a deep clean with MadaCide. "Clients are not allowed to touch artists and will be offered a pair of disposable gloves to wear just in case." Artist-to-client contact is unavoidable, but extra precautions are being taken where possible. "There's be a maximum of two artists in the shop at any given time and two appointments maximum a day." Guests are not permitted for the time being. "In addition to standard masks and social distancing, we're wearing face shields and either disposable or disinfectable aprons." Masks, social distancing, and face shields.at the beginning of the day and after every client." As a smart bonus precaution, each client's phone will be disinfected upon arrival, too. "In addition to standard disinfection of our stations, we're be disinfecting the lounge area, floors, counters, bathroom, station walls, all hooks and handles, printers, stencil machine, pens, etc. "We're keeping a temperature log of ourselves and our clients with a contactless thermometer and sending anyone home with a temperature over 100.3," Osajima said. Having recently reopened, see how her shop prepared for and navigated this new version of "normal" ahead. But no matter when tattoo shops received the green light in each state, they had a strict set of new safety requirements to follow.įor a better idea of what your next tattoo appointment might look like, we tapped Avery Osajima of Lilith Tattoo, an all-queer studio in Seattle, WA. Some states lifted restrictions on personal care services early (perhaps because spaces are typically more controlled than, say, shopping malls), while others have kept them shuttered until a more advanced reopening phase (potentially due to the lack of social distancing). Now, as all 50 states continue through phased reopening plans, tattoo shops (and other businesses within the personal services industry - nail and hair salons, spas, etc.) are restructuring, amplifying their disinfecting procedures, and working out the logistics of social distancing in professions where physical touch is inevitable. In an effort to stop the spread of the coronavirus, tattoo shops across the U.S.
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Mahjongg Solitaire may seem complex initially, but you'll get the hang of it after a few rounds and soon start solving puzzles like a mahjong master. Thankfully, using the hint button won't negatively impact your score. The hints are unlimited, but be careful – they may not always recommend the best match. You can use the hint button if you get stuck at any point in the game and can't locate an open match. After all, this is a strategy game, not a test of speed. With all that said, sometimes the best strategy is to wait and find a match that unblocks the most tiles. Similarly, clearing matching corner tiles will allow you to match the horizontal tile rows that are very difficult to remove and often cause players to lose. Clearing a match on the top will unblock the tiles underneath it. For example, try clearing the top tiles and tiles in the corners of the board first. Wondering how you can increase your number of available matches? When strategizing which tiles to match, you'll want to look for matches that will unblock the most tiles once they're cleared. You'll have the best chance for success if you keep the number of open matches as high as possible as you play. You can keep tabs on how many open matches remain using the counter at the top of the screen. Remember, you lose the game if no more open tile matches are on the board. If you match and remove open tiles at random, it's very likely that you'll run into tiles that are blocked and unmatchable later in the game. The board is built into a tower shape with tiles stacked on top of each other. Now that you understand the basics, this is where strategy comes in. Improve your Mahjongg Solitaire strategy with these tips and tricks: Happen to see a brightly colored flower or seasons tiles on your board? The same rules apply here – the tiles can be matched if they're open and share the same color, but when you match these tiles, they'll boost your score. The game will let you know if you're trying to match a blocked tile. Even though these two tiles are identical, they can't be matched if one is blocked. Here's an example of two tiles that are identical and also open.Īs you play, keep an eye out for blocked matches. To remove tiles from the board, you'll want to click two matching tiles that are not only identical but are also "open." A tile is "open" if it has no tiles on its left and right sides or on top of it. To win, you've got to remove all the tiles from the board before the timer runs out or before you run out of open matches. However, unlike the conventional game involving four players, Mahjong Solitaire is a single-player game played by millions worldwide who enjoy its fun and relaxing qualities. Mahjong Solitaire is a modern variation of the traditional tile game, Mahjong. If you're stuck, click the "Hint" button in the bottom-right corner for some help. Free tiles are those whose sides are uncovered. If the game is still not working you can notify us by using the link report broken game so we can try to fix it.In this epic mahjong solitaire game, the goal is to clear tiles by matching two free tiles together. Reload the page and wait for the game to load. If the game Arkadium Mahjongg Solitaire is not working make sure that you have one of the browsers Firefox, Chrome, Opera or Edge. Scan the code in the description to open the game on a mobile device. The game Arkadium Mahjongg Solitaire can be run on a mobile phone or a tablet. Each rating gives you points for the general ranking in the site. The game has active highscore table, win as many points as you can and save your game score. Register now for free or log in so you can add the game Arkadium Mahjongg Solitaire in Favourite games using the button "Make favourite", so you can find it easier in your private page with Favourite games. AARP has new free games online such as Mahjongg, Sudoku, Crossword Puzzles, Solitaire, Word games and Backgammon Register on and compete against others to find out if you are a Top Gamer. If you like this game you can rate it with rating from one to five using the stars in the description. Daily games and puzzles to sharpen your skills. You can play the game Arkadium Mahjongg Solitaire in fullscreen mode by using the fullscreen button located on the top right side of the game screen. Play online Arkadium Mahjongg Solitaire in - web site for games online.Īrkadium Mahjongg Solitaire is a game online with mahjong, mobile, in category Puzzle. Luckily, we have the pork chop dinner ideas you need to enliven both boneless and bone-in cuts, complementing the savory flavors of the meat with just the right tang and spice. In a small bowl, mix the first 6 ingredients brush over pork chops. Plus, it's often cost-effective compared to pricier beef cuts-and a little more exciting than your standard weeknight chicken dinners. 2 tablespoons lemon juice 2 garlic cloves, minced 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon paprika 1/2 teaspoon pepper 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper 4 boneless pork loin chops (6 ounces each) Directions Preheat broiler. Pork is subtle enough to work with a wide variety of ingredients, but flavorful enough to hold its own in a medley of competing tastes. Spices: I used smoked paprika, garlic powder, salt and black pepper. Thicker pork chops may require slightly longer cooking but are more likely to be juicy and tender than thinner pork chops. And even if the pork chops of your childhood were tasty, it's time to open up your spice rack, reconsider what's in your vegetable crisper drawer, and try some new things. I always use bone-in pork chops but boneless pork chops can be used instead. Grill for 4 to 5 minutes on each side achieving. Drizzle with olive oil and put on the hot grill. If you grew up eating dry, basic pork chops, you might not have such warm memories. Season the pork chops with salt, pepper and smoked paprika, to taste. Browned quickly in a pan with apples and onions, sautéed with cabbage, or smothered in gravy-we're happy to relive these warm memories of hearty, fulfilling dinners. They were an easy meal for parents to cook and have ready by six o'clock. Before cooking, scrape off the marinade and dry the meat thoroughly with paper towels. Marinate for a minimum of 2 hours, 6-12 hours is even better. To use pork chop seasoning, sprinkle 1/2 tablespoon seasoning per pork chop before pan searing, baking, or grilling. Stir in an airtight container, such as a jar. Turn and baste the meat 3 or 4 times during its marination period. Tap on the times in the instructions below to start a kitchen timer while you cook. For many of us, pork chops bring back memories of childhood. Mix the other ingredients in a 13×9 dish, add the pork and turn to coat. Get up and move! Growing a Jeweled rose shares a fun homemade action game that works on action and direction. The Inspired Treehouse has created a movement game for kids called Jumping Animals. In the Playroom gives a variety of ways to make music shakers along with activities that build verbal skills. Strengthen speech and language development. Shake bells. These jingle bell sticks are fun for kids to make and use. And Next Comes L shares how to teach children how to march to the tempo of a drum, going from slow to crazy fast. This DIY version from Mama Smiles uses clear plastic eggs and colored sand for visual fun. Your preschoolers can make their own! Housing a Forest created easy harmonicas using craft sticks and rubber bands. Buggy and Buddy have a simple tutorial on how to make your own with ribbon and rings. We love our parachute to practice different movement activities while also learning new songs.ĭance with ribbon rings. Here are 25+ ideas that can work well during circle time or any time there is that extra level of energy that needs to be burned. Music has saved many days in our toddler and preschool classroom! 25+ Music and Movement Activities They will usually want to participate in at least some of the activity, whether it be shaking an instrument, swaying back and forth, or singing.įor this reason, I always have my music binder and a CD player or bluetooth speaker on hand. I’ve also found that music is a great way to get quieter children involved. In fact, if we are having an “extra wiggly day”, I will grab some instruments, turn on our favorite music, and get the children moving. Providing music and movement strengthens the following skills:Ĭhildren love to move. Here are some resources that you can use in your classroom or at home!īenefits of Including Music and Movement in Your Day Music is an important part of our toddler and preschool curriculum. 25+ Music and Movement Activities for Toddlers and Preschoolers Psst … I’ve created a cover for your music binder! Scroll down towards the bottom of this post for your free pdf download. It can be as easy as popping in a CD and dancing! But there are some other fun and easy ideas, too, and that is what I am sharing today. The good thing about music and movement activities? You don’t need to be able to play an instrument or have a stunning voice. However, we’ve also used instruments in the gym during indoor recess and at other times in the day when we could see that the children just wanted to move. In addition to recess, we make sure to provide music and movement activities for our preschoolers. As I’ve shared in my preschool schedule post, our designated music and movement time is after snack. Young children’s attention spans are shorter and their bodies just want to move. In our toddler and preschool classrooms we make sure to balance quiet and active times. Here are 10+ favorite ideas to try with toddlers and preschoolers! Inside: Music and movement is a wonderful way to work on physical skills, while also encouraging young children to learn sounds, words and patterns. Watch Battlestar Galactica (1978) On Tubi. Plus, the original 1978 version of Battlestar Galactica is also available on the platform. And although you’ll have to deal with commercial breaks throughout each of the show’s 76 episodes, and the miniseries is missing, this is a free option that gives you access to a ton of content. If you already have too many services in your streaming library, then Tubi, which is one of the best free streamers out there, offers all four seasons of the series meaning you won’t have to miss any of those shocking Battlestar Galactica deaths. Watch Battlestar Galactica The Plan On Peacock. Watch Battlestar Galactica Seasons 1-4 On Peacock. Watch The Battlestar Galactica Miniseries On Peacock. Those who are new to Battlestar Galactica should start there before working their way to the main series as it serves as the set-up for the epic space drama, especially as we wait for more progress on the new series. We'll start with the standard streaming options (both paid and free) before working our way to the options where you can purchase the entire series and not have to worry about it disappearing from your favorite streamer.Īs far as streaming options go, there are few better ways to enjoy Battlestar Galactica than on Peacock, which in addition to hosting all four seasons of the critically acclaimed sci-fi drama, also gives its subscribers access to the three-hour miniseries first released in the fall of 2003. How To Watch Battlestar Galactica StreamingĪt this point, there are a few options for how to watch Battlestar Galactica streaming. I just hope he’s been taking the training serious because I would hate to actually hurt the kid. He’s not athletic enough or coordinated enough. “The fight is definitely not going the distance,” he says. They’ve come to let me know, ‘you got this.’ I really appreciate both of them for showing a lot of love and support and shoutout to Fight Hype for making that happen.”Īs far as fight predictions, McBroom’s level of confidence remains at an all-time high. “Over the past three months, I’ve met a lot of professional fighters. Both showed up to give their support during McBroom’s training. The ACE Family athlete has received advice from boxing legend, Evander Holyfield, multiple world champion Danny “Swift” Garcia and more. “We’ve been going crazy for the past 3 months, in order to get my conditioning back to how it was when I was in college, which was 4 years ago.” (KABC) - A violent brawl erupted between TikTok star Bryce Hall and YouTuber Austin McBroom during a press conference ahead of their celebrity boxing match. He credits basketball as one of his go-to conditioning methods in order to get in tip-top shape. “Conditioning is one of the key things you have to focus on. Click here or the button below to snag both.“This sport right here is probably more mental than anything I’ve ever done,” says McBroom. This includes an annual membership to ESPN+ (which is over 15% cheaper than a monthly subscription) as well as access to Edwards vs. Rather than signing up for a membership first, ESPN+ is making it easier for you to get the PPV match and a membership at the same time with a bundle for $134.98. Austin TheACEFamily talks about the scuffle with Jake Paul that happened at t. If you already have an ESPN+ subscription, you just need to log into your account and you’ll be able to purchase the PPV under scheduled live events.ĭon’t have ESPN+? The streaming platform doesn’t have a free trial, but it is one of the most budget-friendly options out there. Austin McBroom joins us in Miami to talk about his upcoming Bryce Hall fight. The main card event requires an ESPN+ membership in order to purchase the PPV fight. You can tune in to the early preliminaries on ESPN+ at 6 p.m., and if you have cable, preliminaries will air on ESPN2, which you can watch on any channel ESPN is offered, as well as ESPN+ at 8 p.m. Covington’s main card event will air live exclusively through PPV on ESPN+ at 10 p.m. Keep reading to learn the streaming options available. Karol Rosa (women’s bantamweight) and Josh Emmett vs. Brian Kelleher (bantamweight), Irene Aldana vs. Ariane Lipski (women’s flyweight), Cody Garbrandt vs. Here’s everything you need to know about the fight. Dustin Jacoby (light heavyweight), Casey O’Neill vs. A YouTube vs TikTok boxing event has been confirmed, and it features some of your favourite social media stars. Cody Durden (flyweight), Alonzo Menifield vs. Lucas Almeida (featherweight), Tagir Ulanbekov vs. he cleaned the floor with Bryce Hall Saturday night, but it's unclear if the loser will. Shamil Gaziev (heavyweight), Andre Fili vs. Muslim Salikhov (welterweight), Martin Buday vs. Early preliminaries and preliminaries will see Randy Brown vs. Brandon Royval battling it out for the title. The former won against the TikToker after he got credited with a knockout victory. Covington takes place, there will be a co-main card fight taking place with flyweight’s Alexandre Pantoja vs. Ryan Johnston vs Cale Saurage was the very first fight of the Battle of the Platforms. If you weren’t able to score travel deals to see the MMA event live, then you can still livestream the main event through pay-per-view on ESPN+.īefore Edwards vs. We have seen how it went down with Logan Paul and KSI in the boxing ring, and it appears that was not the last high-profile social media influencer match up. Dana White says a delayed stoppage at UFC Fight Night in Austin was 'one of the worst Ive ever seen'. The mixed martial arts event will be occurring live at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, and you can still get tickets here. "I'll explain later, call them and be there" "I'll explain later, just call Oona, Deema and Nonny, and meet me at the school. VERY QUIETLY HE CREPT DOWNSTAIRS AND CALLED GOBY. SUDDENLY HE THOUGHT OF SOMETHING "WAIT A MINUTE?! we CAN have one last day together!" GIL JUMPED OUT OF BED. 'If only we could've had one last day together" HE THOUGHT 'that way I could've remembered it forever." FRIENDS OR NOT, WHAT GOOD WAS IT IF THEY WEREN'T TOGETHER. BUT HE DIDN'T GO TO SLEEP, HE THOUGHT ABOUT WHAT HIS PARENTS AND MOLLY SAID. "GOODNIGHT GIL" *arf-arf* "GOODNIGHT BUBBLE PUPPY" "there ya go! And you'll see them tomorrow" *sniff* "you're right" SAID GIL AS HE WIPED HIS TEARS "I still have friends" "But you know that you and Molly will always be friends" HIS DAD REMINDED. "There-there Gil" SAID HIS MOTHER CALMLY "honey this is hard, but moving away is something that Why couldn't she stay here in bubbletucky with us!" AND GIL BEGAN TO CRY. HIS PARENTS CAME INTO HIS ROOM.ĭAD- "was a girl named molly in that dream?" "Yeah" SAID GIL "you miss her don't you sport?" "Yeah, I really miss her, why did she have to leave. HE TOSSED AND TURNED LIKE A TOP IN HIS BED, HE KEPT BUBBLE PUPPY AWAKE. WITHOUT MOLLY THE SCHOOL FELT EMPTY, NOBODY SANG, SNACK TIME WASN'T FUNNY. AS THEY SWAM SADLY BACK TO THE CLASSROOM.įOR THE REST OF THE DAY GIL FELT MISERABLE AND SO DID THE OTHERS. "I guess i won't know that feeling now!" SIGHED GIL. GIL LOOKED AT NONNY "how did it feel?" HE ASKED. FINALLY IT WAS GIL WHO SAID GOODBYE LAST, AND HE GAVE MOLLY A TIGHT HUG, WHILE A SMALL TEAR CAME INTO MOLLY'S EYE. THEY ALL SAID A TEARFUL GOODBYE TO THEIR ONCE-LEADER AND BEST FRIEND. SUDDENLY THE MOVING VAN CALLED FROM OUTSIDE *HONK-HONK* "Molly, time to go!"ĮVERYONE FOLLOWED HER OUTSIDE TO WHERE THE VAN WAS PARKED. THEN SHE LOOKED TO THE OTHERS "we'll ALL be friends" "and now the dynamic duo is over forever, I guess" HE SAID SADLYīUT MOLLY SMILED "nothing is forever gilly, we'll always be friends wherever we are! HE LIKED MOLLY A-LOT! THEY WERE THE BEST OF FRIENDS. "So this means you won't be coming to this school anymore" ASKED GOBYĪLL THE KIDS WERE VERY SAD, BUT GIL FELT SADDEST OF ALL. "she knows THAT, Nonny" INTERRUPTED DEEMA "she just can't believe it.And neither can I" "that means they have to live in another town or city" GIL WAS SHOCKED! "CLEARWATER! But that's all the way in Lakeside. MOLLY SIGHED "No, but I have some bad news. THE KIDS WERE WORRIED FOR THEIR FRIEND, "what's wrong with you moll-doll? You're not catching what Gil has are you?" ASKED DEEMA. "Hi Molly" SAID THE CLASS, BUT MOLLY DIDN'T SAY ANYTHING EITHER. 'She wouldn't have left if it wasn't important" HE THOUGHT. "she's never missed a day of school" DEEMA RECALLEDīUT GIL STILL WASN'T SURE, USUALLY, HE, MOLLY, AND BUBBLE PUPPY WOULD ALWAYS SWIM TOGETHER TO SCHOOL. "I'm sure it wasn't personal, don't worry she'll be here soon" "Molly wasn't home to walk with me here" HE SAID SADLY. GROUPER!" SAID THE KIDSīUT GIL DIDN'T SAY GOOD MORNING AS HE CAME INTO THE CLASSROOM. The specific species Poecilia sphenops is also commonly referred to as molly."GOOD MORNING MR. In Molly's case, mollies are livebearer fishes in the genus Poecilia that are native to fresh, brackish, and salt water in the Americas, some species in the genus are euryhaline (able to adapt to a wide range of salinities).Molly is the first guppy to have a sibling.It has been seen in almost all of the pop songs, but in The Restaurant, her microphone was seen in the first verse, and disappeared throughout the chorus, and then came back in the last verse. Molly always has a blue fish tail-shaped microphone whenever she's singing. This happened in pop songs such as Our Great Play, I Need to Rock!, and X Marks the Spot!. Sometimes Gil sings a pop song while she sings backup and/or in a Dance song. She sings almost every pop song in the show. She has an interest in reading as seen in the pop song: We're Gonna Fly when she was reading the book Mother Goose, referred to in the song as her favorite book. Because of her bubbly personality, every guppy, especially Bubble Puppy, wants to swim with her. Despite receiving more attention than anyone else (excluding Gil who gets as much attention as she does), Molly is not a selfish guppy, and she normally thinks about others before herself. She's the lead singer in almost all the songs. From the second season on, she's first at lining up to go outside, Goby being the first in line in season 1. Molly is the bubbly leader of the Bubble Guppies along with Gil. She has a blue tail with swirling light blue and dark blue patterns on it, and her bikini top matches her tail. Molly has light brown skin, long bright pink hair and brown eyes. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the ACS NSQIP ® database. ) These studies utilized ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding, however, medical billers, resident case logs, and certain databases, like the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP ®) database rely on Current Procedural Codes (CPT) instead. looked specifically at the Medicare population from 1991 to 2008 and found that the percentage of hip fractures treated nonoperatively, with internal fixation, HA, or THA remained fairly constant over time. reviewed inpatient data from 1990 to 2001 and found that overall, regardless of age, there was a decrease in the use of THA for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. There have been many studies, however, that have shown function after THA to be superior to HA. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has historically been preserved for younger, active patients that have a history of hip osteoarthritis. ) In very elderly or chronically ill patients, surgeons tend to proceed with a hemiarthroplasty (HA). Non-displaced fractures can be treated with internal screw fixation, although several studies have demonstrated internal fixation as a less optimal treatment, particularly in the elderly population. Typically, these fractures are classified as either non-displaced or displaced. There are a number of treatment options for fractures of the femoral neck. ) As the population continues to age the absolute number of falls, and subsequently the number of fractures, are set to increase. Hip fractures decrease patient independence, mobility, and have been associated with increased risk of mortality. ) Increased numbers of falls in combination with increased susceptibility for fracture from age-associated decreases in bone mineral density, as well as the presence of other co-existing comorbidities makes the geriatric population particularly susceptible to fracture. Over one-third of adults age 65 or older suffer a fall each year. ) This number has increased compared to the previous 5 years. In 2014, there were over 320,000 hip fractures that presented to the emergency department in the United States with the majority occurring in women age 65 or older. Hip fractures are among the most common injuries seen by orthopedic surgeons and are especially prevalent in the geriatric population. We scrape the skillet clean anytime I make it for dinner!įirst thing’s first – pretend this is the orange, oven-safe cast iron skillet that you’re going to see in the rest of the pictures. Skillet Tater Tot Casserole is a meat and potatoes dish that’ll stick to your ribs but since it’s made with mostly homemade ingredients you can feel good about feeding it to your whole family. I use this 10-1/4″ cast iron skillet from Le Creuset – it’s my all-time favorite all-purpose skillet and will literally outlive me. From browning the ground beef, to making the flavorful sauce, to crisping up the tots in the oven, all you need is an oven-safe skillet. I’ve also updated the classic to be cooked then baked in just one skillet. PLUS my homemade version tastes way better. I’m ditching canned soup because it’s usually not gluten-free plus it’s full of unnecessary ingredients. Tater Tot Casserole usually calls for condensed soup mixed with ground beef and frozen vegetables which are piled into a casserole dish then topped with tater tots and baked. Plus, like the time I shared my Mom’s Maid Rite recipe, I wouldn’t be surprised if there’s a whole bunch of you who have never even heard of it before! You’re welcome. Eating it is like getting a big hug from your Mom. Tater Tot Casserole is a Midwest classic. Comfort food does not get easier than Skillet Tater Tot Casserole! Sound the alarm: Tater Tot Casserole (or Hotdish as my neighbors to the north in Minnesota like to call it!) has been officially updated – make that UPGRADED – to skillet meal status! Oh yes, what you see here is saucy, seasoned ground beef and vegetables topped with the king of the frozen foods aisle – tater tots of course – and everything is simmered then oven-crisped in just one skillet. Alternately, it could be from 10 and 5 céntimo coins of the Spanish peseta, known as the perra gorda and perra chica. Pera is thought to be from Malay perak (silver), which also has a direct cognate or adaptation in Tagalog/Filipino as pilak. Alternately, it could be from Arabic asrafi (a gold coin, see Persian ashrafi) or sarf (money, money exchange). Salapi is thought to be from isa (one) + rupya which would become lapia when adapted to Tagalog. Two native Tagalog words for money which survive today in Filipino were salapi and possibly pera. The original silver currency unit was the rupya or rupiah, brought over by trade with India and Indonesia. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the Piloncitos, small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient peoples of the Philippines, and gold barter rings. The inconvenience of barter, however, later led to the use of some objects as a medium of exchange. The trade the pre-colonial tribes of what is now the Philippines did among themselves with its many types of pre-Hispanic kingdoms ( kedatuans, rajahnates, wangdoms, lakanates and sultanates) and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter. Pre-colonial coinage Piloncitos, a type of coin used by the pre-colonial peoples of the archipelago From the same Spanish peso or dollar is derived the various pesos of Spanish America, the dollars of the US and Hong Kong, as well as the Chinese yuan and the Japanese yen. The Philippine peso is derived from the Spanish peso or pieces of eight brought over in large quantities from Spanish America by the Manila galleons of the period from the 16th century to the 19th. Main article: History of Philippine money |
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